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🧩 Maze-Solving Robot using TOF Sensors

Source code and algorithms for an autonomous maze-solving robot (Micromouse style) utilizing Time-of-Flight (TOF) distance sensors for precise navigation and obstacle avoidance.

🛠️ Hardware Components

  • Microcontroller: ESP32 (or Arduino depending on core architecture).
  • Sensors: VL53L0X TOF (Time-of-Flight) laser distance sensors (Front, Left, Right) for precise wall distance measurement.
  • Motors: N20 micro DC gear motors with encoders for precise speed control and odometry.
  • Motor Driver: TB6612 motor driver IC.

🧠 Navigation & Algorithms

  • Flood-Fill Algorithm: Logic for maze mapping, pathfinding, and solving.
  • PID Control: Closed-loop feedback system using TOF sensor data and motor encoders to keep the robot centered in corridors and perform accurate 90/180-degree turns.

📸 Media & Schematics

image

⚙️ Setup & Configuration

  1. Open the project in your preferred IDE (Arduino IDE / PlatformIO).
  2. Install necessary libraries for the VL53L0X sensors.
  3. Fine-tune the core parameters in the configuration file:
    • PID constants (Kp, Ki, Kd).
    • Target wall distance thresholds.
    • Turn angles and base motor speeds.
  4. Upload the firmware to the robot and calibrate the sensors.

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Source code and algorithms for an autonomous maze-solving robot using VL53L0X TOF distance sensors and PID control

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